HIV/AIDS disease | Full Explanation & Detail

items: HIV/AIDS disease | Full and Detailed Explanation
Category: Illness

Table of contents

1 HIV/AIDS disease

HIV/AIDS disease

Background

Talking about Disease HIV/AIDS (HIV/AIDS Disease), HIV/AIDS is an abbreviation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, namely two related conditions caused by HIV virus infection.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the human immune system.

Virus ini menyerang sel CD4 (T limfosit) which functions to fight infection and disease.

HIV replicates in CD4 cells, melemahkan sistem kekebalan tubuh seiring time, and ultimately causes damage to the human immune system.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is an advanced stage of HIV infection.

A person is considered to have AIDS when their immune system is severely compromised, and he experienced a condition called Opportunistic Disease, namely infections or cancers that generally do not attack people with a healthy immune system.

People with AIDS are at high risk of serious and potentially life-threatening illness.

The origins of HIV/AIDS can be traced to the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, first identified in 1983 by two different research teams: Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in France and Robert Gallo of the National Institutes of Health in the United States.

However, There is evidence that points to the existence of HIV long before the year 1983. Based on scientific research that has been carried out, Scientists believe that HIV passed from primates to humans in the African region, especially in countries such as Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

At first, HIV was probably transmitted from chimpanzees to humans. Virus ini kemudian berubah dan menyebar di antara populasi manusia your login information berbagai faktor seperti kontak dengan darah terinfeksi, having unprotected sex, and the use of non-sterile syringes.

Then, The disease caused by HIV infection is called Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s when a number of cases of the strange and rare disease occurred among high-risk groups such as injecting drug users and blood transfusion recipients..

Since then, HIV/AIDS telah Becomes pandemi global yang mempengaruhi jutaan orang di seluruh dunia.

It should be remembered that the source of HIV/AIDS transmission is now better known, and efforts have been made to prevent its transmission.

Education, use of condoms, use of sterile syringes, and early testing and treatment are important steps in controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS.

Mode of Transmission / Spread of disease HIV/AIDS

HIV disease (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the human immune system, cause AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV/AIDS dapat menyebar melalui berbagai method.

Berikut adalah cara-cara penyebaran penyakit HIV/AIDS regularly lengkap:

Unprotected Sexual Intercourse
HIV transmission most commonly occurs through sexual contact with someone who is infected with HIV. sex vaginal, anal, and unprotected oral contact with someone who has HIV increases the risk of transmission.
Use of Non-Sterile Syringes
The use of non-sterile syringes by drug users can cause HIV transmission. Bagi orang yang ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND APPROVAL obat-obatan secara intravena, penggunaan jarum dan alat suntik bersama dengan orang other meningkatkan risiko penularan.
Blood Transfusion and Blood Products
Before there was a strict blood test, HIV transmission also occurs through blood transfusions and blood products such as plasma and clotting factors. However, sekarang ini risiko penularan melalui transfusi darah sudah sangat rendah karena semua darah yang disumbangkan diuji untuk HIV sebelum used.
From Mother to Baby
A mother infected with HIV can transmit the virus to her baby during pregnancy, labor, or breastfeeding. However, if a mother with HIV is receiving antiretroviral treatment (ARV) during pregnancy and breastfeeding, the risk of transmission from mother to baby can be significantly reduced.
Contact with Infected Blood
Direct contact with HIV-infected blood, like through an open wound, scratches, or used together with equipment contaminated with blood, can also cause transmission.
Through Organ Transplantation
In the past, There have been several cases of HIV transmission through organ transplantation. However, Organ transplant procedures have now improved and reduced the risk of transmission.
Non-Sterile Piercing and Tattoo Equipment
The use of non-sterile piercing and tattoo tools can cause HIV transmission if the tools are contaminated with infected blood.

After contracting HIV, There are several stages of infection, that is:

Acute phase
It usually occurs several weeks after infection and can resemble flu or other symptoms.
Leave Tahap
Active HIV infection in the body, but symptoms may not be seen or felt.
Symptomatic stage
The immune system begins to weaken and symptoms appear, like a chronic infection, candidiasis, weight loss, and fatigue.

Please remember that HIV is not transmitted through daily contact such as shaking hands, hug, kiss, use the same toilet, or share eating utensils.

HIV transmission only occurs through blood, certain body fluids, and sexual contact with an infected person.

It is important to prevent HIV in ways such as having safe sex using condoms, using a sterile syringe, carry out regular HIV tests, dan mendapatkan pengobatan ARV jika terinfeksi HIV untuk mencegah penularan kepada orang lain dan manage kesehatan dengan baik.

Early Symptoms of Disease HIV/AIDS

Early symptoms of HIV infection (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) does not always happen to everyone and can vary from one individual to another.

In some cases, HIV-infected people may not experience any symptoms at all for some time.

Early symptoms of HIV may appear over time 2 to 4 minggu setelah terpapar virus. Gejala awal tersebut antara lain:

Flu-Like Symptoms
Some people newly infected with HIV can experience symptoms similar to the flu or cold, like a fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, swollen glands, and reddish throat.
Skin Rash
Some people with HIV can experience skin rashes. This rash can take the form of red spots or a wider rash on various parts of the body.
Sore Throat and Canker sores
Early HIV infection can cause pain and redness in the throat, serta sariawan yang tidak sembuh dengan fast.
Swollen Lymph Nodes
Some people with HIV infection may experience swollen lymph nodes, especially on the neck, armpit, or other areas of the body.
Fatigue
Early HIV infection can cause excessive and debilitating fatigue.

Keep in mind that these symptoms are not specific to HIV and can occur with many other health conditions.

For example, Common colds and other infections can also cause similar symptoms.

Therefore, The only sure way to find out whether someone is infected with HIV is to have an HIV test.

If someone suspects they have been exposed to HIV or experiences suspicious symptoms, it is very important to get an HIV test and consult a health professional.

The earlier HIV is detected, better health management and prevention of the spread of the virus to other people.

Early treatment with antiretroviral drugs (ARV) can also help control the virus and prolong the life of a person with HIV.

Ways of Disease Prevention HIV/AIDS

Prevention of HIV/AIDS involves taking effective steps to reduce the risk of exposure to the HIV virus.

The following are several complete ways to prevent HIV/AIDS:

Condom Use
Use condoms correctly and consistently when having sex (vaginal, anal, or orally) can reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Condoms are one of the most effective ways to prevent HIV infection and also protect against sexually transmitted diseases (PMS) other.
Use of Sterile Syringes
For those who use syringes, Make sure you always use sterile syringes and equipment.
Do not share needles with other people, as this can lead to transmission of HIV and other infections.
Use of Antiretroviral Therapy (ARV)
For people with HIV, treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ARV) accurate and organized is very important.
ARVs can reduce the amount of virus in the body and help prevent transmission of HIV to other people.
HIV Testing and Routine Testing
Undergoing HIV tests regularly is very important, especially for those who are high risk or sexually active.
By knowing the HIV status, a person can seek treatment early if tested positive and avoid transmission to sexual partners or babies.
Use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
PrEP is a drug used by people who are not infected with HIV to prevent infection if they are at high risk of exposure to HIV.
PrEP should be taken according to a doctor's instructions and is often recommended for those who have sex with an HIV-positive or other high-risk partner.
Testing and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (PMS)
Prevent and treat STDs such as gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and genital herpes can help reduce the risk of HIV transmission and infection, because sores and inflammation from STDs can facilitate HIV transmission.
Education and Awareness
Increasing knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS can help reduce stigma, encourage safe sexual behavior, and promoting prevention efforts in the community.

It is important to remember that implementing several prevention methods simultaneously will increase effectiveness in protecting yourself from HIV/AIDS.

If you have questions or concerns about HIV/AIDS prevention, consult a health professional or the nearest health clinic.

How to treat disease HIV/AIDS

Treatment of HIV/AIDS involves the use of antiretroviral therapy (ARV) effective.

ARV therapy aims to suppress the development of the HIV virus, maintain immune system function, and reduce the risk of spreading the virus to others.

Complete treatment of HIV/AIDS does not mean complete cure of the virus, but it can allow sufferers to live with a good quality of life and control the reproduction of the virus to levels that are not detectable in blood tests.

ARV therapy usually consists of a combination of drugs from several different classes, such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), inhibitor protease, and integrase inhibitors.

The use of this combination of drugs is referred to as combination therapy (combination antiretroviral therapy, CART) or combined antiretroviral therapy (combined antiretroviral therapy, cART).

The following are general steps in treating HIV/AIDS:

Diagnosis and Examination
After a positive HIV test, The first step is to carry out a more in-depth examination to determine HIV status and the severity of the infection.
Starting ARV Therapy
After determining HIV status, if needed, The doctor will prescribe a suitable combination of ARV drugs to control the development of the virus.
Take Medication Regularly
It is important to take ARV medication according to your doctor's instructions, regularly, and without missing doses.
Consistent treatment can help prevent viral resistance to drugs and maintain viral load (virus levels in the blood) stay low.
Periodic Monitoring and Inspection
People with HIV/AIDS will need regular monitoring and blood tests to monitor viral load, CD4 cell count (immune cells that are targeted by HIV), and functions of other body organs.
Management of Side Effects
Some ARV drugs can cause side effects. Managing side effects is an important part of complete HIV/AIDS treatment to ensure patients can tolerate the medication and stay on course of treatment.
Healthy living
Healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet, exercise regularly, avoid cigarettes and alcohol, and reduce stress, can help strengthen the immune system.

Appropriate and consistent HIV/AIDS treatment can help someone with HIV/AIDS to live longer and prevent transmission of the virus to other people.

It is important to communicate with health professionals and follow recommended treatments to get the most benefit from HIV/AIDS treatment.

Sports That Help Patients HIV/AIDS

Exercise has many benefits for HIV/AIDS patients. Proper and regular exercise can help improve the quality of life, improve the immune system, reduce the risk of health complications, and improve physical and mental well-being.

However, sebelum memulai program olahraga baru, it is very important to consult a health professional or your doctor, especially if you have an underlying health condition.

The following are several types of exercise that can help HIV/AIDS patients:

Cardio or Aerobics
Cardio exercise such as fast walking, jogging, bicycle, swim, and running is an effective way to increase cardiovascular strength and improve the immune system. Cardio exercise can also help reduce the higher risk of cardiovascular disease in people with HIV/AIDS.
Strength Training
Strength training or weight training can help build muscle mass and strength. This can help improve body function and strengthen the immune system.
Gymnastics or Yoga
Gymnastics or yoga can help improve flexibility, balance, and mental well-being. The breathing and relaxation exercises in yoga can also help reduce stress, which can be a factor influencing the health of people with HIV/AIDS.
Stretching Sports
Stretching or stretching exercises help maintain muscle and joint flexibility, and reduces the risk of injury during exercise.
Breathing Exercises
Deep breathing exercises such as meditation or deep breathing exercises can help reduce stress and improve mental well-being.
Playing Sports
Play sports like tennis, badminton, or soccer can improve physical and social fitness.

Remember to start exercise slowly and increase the intensity gradually.

Don't forget to warm up before exercising and cool down afterward to avoid injury.

Always pay attention to your health condition and consult a doctor if you have questions or concerns about your exercise program.

Proper and regular exercise, along with correct treatment, balanced diet, and a healthy lifestyle, can help strengthen the body and improve the quality of life for HIV/AIDS patients.

Foods That Help Patients HIV/AIDS

A healthy and balanced diet plays an important role in maintaining health and improving the immune system for HIV/AIDS patients.

The right combination of diet can help increase the body's endurance, membantu overcome gejala, and improve quality of life.

Here are some foods that can help HIV/AIDS patients:

Protein
Protein is important for repairing and building body tissue, including immune cells. Choose healthy protein sources such as lean meat, fish, skinless chicken, know, tempe, nuts, grains, and eggs.
Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins, mineral, fiber, and antioxidants that help strengthen the immune system. Choose a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables to get different nutrients.
Healthy Fats
Healthy fats from sources like avocado, nuts, grains, fatty fish (like salmon, mackerel, and sardines), and olive oil is important for heart health and helps the absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins.
Healthy Carbs
Choose complex carbohydrates from sources such as brown rice, wheat bread, whole wheat pasta, sweet potato, and whole grains for long-lasting energy and digestive health.
Milk and its Processed Products
Choose low-fat or fat-free milk, low-fat yogurt, and low-fat cheese as a source of calcium and protein.
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
In some cases, HIV/AIDS patients may need additional vitamin and mineral supplements to overcome nutritional deficiencies or increase endurance. However, consult a doctor before taking supplements.
Plain water
Make sure HIV/AIDS patients maintain and drink enough water every day to keep their bodies hydrated.

Avoid foods high in added sugar, saturated fat, and processed foods that are low in nutrients, because it can affect body health and the immune system.

Apart from food, It is also important to pay attention to food hygiene and avoid raw or undercooked foods which are at risk of containing dangerous bacteria or parasites.

Remember that each HIV/AIDS patient may have different nutritional needs, depending on individual health conditions.

Consult a doctor or nutritionist to develop a meal plan that suits your needs and condition.

Reference :

Top Healthy Lifestyle (THL)
World Health Organization (WHO)

SISPENDIK.NET

Education and Education Personal Information System