Diabetes mellitus | Full Explanation

The article below explains about disease Diabetes mellitus completely and in detail.

Diabetes Melitus Penjelasan Lengkap 1 300x170 - Diabetes Melitus | Penjelasan Lengkap — Diabetes Mellitus Complete Explanation

Background

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, namely high blood glucose levels. This occurs due to problems in the production or use of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that functions to regulate blood sugar levels. There are three main types of diabetes:

Diabetes Type 1: It usually starts at a young age and is caused by autoimmunity that destroys the beta cells of the pancreas.
Diabetes Type 2: More general, often related to lifestyle and obesity, where the body becomes resistant to insulin.
Gestational Diabetes: Appears during pregnancy and usually disappears after delivery.

How to Spread

Diabetes Mellitus does not spread like an infectious disease, because it is not caused by viruses or bacteria. However, There are several factors that can increase a person's risk of developing diabetes, especially type diabetes 2. Here are some ways that contribute to the development of diabetes:

1. Genetic Factors

Family History: Having a family member who suffers from this type of diabetes 2 may increase your risk.

2. Unhealthy Lifestyle

Bad Diet: Consume foods high in sugar, saturated fat, and low fiber may increase risk.
Lack of Physical Activity: A sedentary lifestyle can cause obesity, which is the main risk factor.

3. Obesity

Weight gain: Excess body fat, especially in the stomach area, can increase insulin resistance.

4. Age

Aging: The risk of diabetes increases with age, especially after age 45 year.

5. Other Health Conditions

High Blood Pressure: Hypertension can contribute to diabetes risk.
High Cholesterol: An unhealthy lipid profile may also increase risk.

6. Pregnancy

Gestational Diabetes: Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes 2 at a later date.

7. Stress and Sleep

Chronic Stress: May affect blood sugar and insulin levels.
Poor Sleep Quality: Insufficient sleep can contribute to insulin resistance.

Although diabetes mellitus is not contagious, Understanding risk factors and how they contribute to the development of diabetes is critical to the prevention and management of this disease. Adopt a healthy lifestyle, such as a balanced diet and regular physical activity, can help reduce the risk of developing diabetes

Early Symptoms

The initial symptoms of diabetes mellitus can vary, but some general signs that often appear are:

Often Thirsty: Excessive thirst, even after drinking enough fluids.
Frequent urination: Increased frequency of urination, especially at night.
Fatigue: Feeling tired or lethargic for no apparent reason.
Blurred Vision: Changes in vision, including blurred vision.
Wounds that are Difficult to Heal: Wounds or infections that take a long time to heal.
Excessive Hunger: Even if you eat enough, still feeling hungry.
Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss, despite normal or increased appetite.
Tingling or Pain Sensation: Tingling or pain in the hands and feet, which could indicate nerve damage.
Dry and Itchy Skin: Skin can become dry and itchy, especially in the fold area.

If you experience these symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor for further evaluation and proper diagnosis. Early detection is essential for effective diabetes management.

Prevention

Prevention of diabetes mellitus, especially type 2, involves healthy lifestyle changes. Here are some steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing diabetes:

1. Healthy Eating Patterns

Balanced Diet: Consume foods rich in fiber, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Reduce Sugar and Simple Carbohydrates: Limit consumption of foods and drinks that are high in sugar, like soda and sweet cakes.
Choose Healthy Fats: Use unsaturated fats, such as olive oil and avocado, of saturated and trans fats.

2. Physical Activity

Exercise Regularly: Try to get some exercise at least 150 minutes per week, like walking, running, bicycle, or swimming.
Increase Daily Activities: Try to be more active, such as using the stairs instead of the elevator or walking for short trips.

3. Maintaining an Ideal Weight

Managing Weight: If you are overweight, lower even 5-10% of body weight can reduce the risk of diabetes.

4. Regular Health Monitoring

Medical examination: Regularly check blood sugar levels, especially if you have risk factors such as a family history of diabetes.
Monitor Blood Pressure and Cholesterol: Keeping blood pressure and cholesterol levels within normal limits is also important.

5. Avoid Bad Habits

Stop Smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of diabetes and other complications.
Limit Alcohol: If you consume alcohol, do it with moderation.

6. Manage Stress

Relaxation Techniques: Practice relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or other activities that can help reduce stress.

7. Get Enough Sleep

Quality Sleep: Make sure you get enough and quality sleep, because lack of sleep can affect metabolism and insulin resistance.

8. Education and Awareness

Educate Yourself: Learn more about diabetes and associated risk factors, so you can make better decisions about your health.

By adopting this healthy lifestyle, You can significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. If you have higher risk factors, consult a doctor for more specific advice.

Treatment Method

Diabetes mellitus treatment aims to control blood sugar levels and prevent complications. Treatment approaches may vary depending on the type of diabetes you have. The following are common treatment methods:

1. Type Diabetes Treatment 1

Insulin: Type diabetes patient 1 need to receive insulin because their pancreas does not produce this hormone. Insulin can be given by injection or insulin pump.
Blood Sugar Monitoring: Routinely monitor blood sugar levels to adjust insulin doses and diet.

2. Type Diabetes Treatment 2

Lifestyle Changes:
- Healthy Diet: Adopt a balanced diet rich in fiber and low in sugar.
- Sport: Regular physical activity to help control weight and improve insulin sensitivity.
Oral Medication: There are various types of drugs that doctors can prescribe, nor mouse movements:
- Metformin: Drugs that increase cell sensitivity to insulin and reduce glucose production in the liver.
- Sulfonylurea: Increases insulin production by the pancreas.
- Inhibitor DPP-4: Helps increase insulin levels after meals and reduces glucose production.
- GLP-1 agonist: Increases insulin production and reduces appetite.
Insulin: In some cases, Insulin is also required for this type of diabetes 2, especially if other treatments are inadequate.

3. Gestational Diabetes Treatment

Blood Sugar Monitoring: Monitor blood sugar levels regularly.
Diet and Exercise: Adjust your diet and exercise to control sugar levels.
Insulin: If diet and exercise are not enough to control blood sugar levels, insulin may be needed.

4. Patient Education

Education: Teach patients about diabetes management, including how to monitor blood sugar, Recognize the symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and the importance of adherence to treatment.

5. Complication Prevention

Routine Checkup: Carrying out examinations for early detection of complications, such as eye problems, kidney, and nerves.
Integrated Health Care: Collaborate with a medical team that includes doctors, nutritionists, and a diabetes coach to plan comprehensive diabetes management.

6. Use of Technology

Monitoring Gadgets: Use of tools such as blood sugar monitors and insulin pumps to facilitate management.

With appropriate treatment and good monitoring, Many diabetes patients can control their condition and live healthy lives. Always consult a doctor or health professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

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Diabetes mellitus | Full Explanation

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